Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition that significantly affects a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function. It is also known as manic-depressive illness.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

People with bipolar disorder experience extreme shifts in mood. These shifts occur between two main poles: manic episodes and depressive episodes.

Manic Episodes

During a manic episode, a person’s mood becomes abnormally elevated. They feel extremely energetic, almost as if they have an endless supply of energy. Their self-esteem skyrockets, and they may have an inflated sense of self-importance. For example, they might believe they can achieve anything and take on multiple projects at once without considering the consequences. They talk very fast and jump from one topic to another, as their thoughts race. Sleep is often the last thing on their mind, and they may go for days with very little sleep but still feel wide awake and active. They engage in impulsive behaviors like excessive shopping, making risky investments, or having promiscuous sexual encounters. These manic episodes can last for a period of time, usually a week or more, and can lead to problems in relationships, work, and finances due to the reckless decisions made during this state.

Depressive Episodes

On the other hand, when in a depressive episode, the person experiences symptoms similar to those of major depression. They feel deeply sad, hopeless, and empty. There is a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed. They may have trouble getting out of bed in the morning due to a lack of energy and motivation. Appetite changes are common, either eating too little and losing weight or overeating. Sleep disturbances occur, such as insomnia or sleeping too much. They may have feelings of guilt and worthlessness, and in severe cases, thoughts of suicide can surface. These depressive episodes can also last for weeks or months and can make it difficult for the person to carry out daily tasks and maintain social connections.

The Impact and Importance of Understanding

Bipolar disorder can have a profound impact on a person’s life. The extreme mood swings can disrupt relationships, as it’s hard for others to keep up with the constantly changing behavior and mood. It can also affect job stability, as manic episodes may lead to poor work performance or conflicts with colleagues, and depressive episodes can result in absenteeism. Understanding bipolar disorder is crucial not only for those who have it but also for their families, friends, and society as a whole. With proper diagnosis and treatment, which often includes a combination of medications and psychotherapy, people with bipolar disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and lead more stable and fulfilling lives. It’s important to break the stigma surrounding this disorder and provide support and understanding to those affected.